Journal Articles Recommendation
01
Assessing factors associated with one-year antibody waning in participants with repeated influenza vaccinations: A six-year cohort study
This article, published in Vaccine, aimed to systematically evaluate the factors influencing the waning of antibody levels within one year among individuals receiving repeated seasonal influenza vaccinations over a six-year longitudinal study. The study included 330 participants who received standard-dose influenza vaccines across multiple consecutive seasons (≥2 seasons) between 2016 and 2022, yielding a total of 584 observations. Demographic information and pre- and post-vaccination serum samples were prospectively collected each season. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were used to measure antibody titers, and antibody waning scores—defined as the rate of decline in composite HAI titers—were assessed using linear mixed-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood (REML), adjusting for demographic factors.
The results indicated that among adolescents, higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with more pronounced antibody decline, whereas this association was not observed in adults or older adults. The impact of age was heterogeneous: younger adolescents exhibited faster antibody waning, while in adults aged 19–64 years, the opposite trend was observed. Higher post-vaccination antibody titers and greater increases in immune response from pre- to post-vaccination were linked to faster antibody decline across age groups, particularly in adolescents and adults, suggesting that a stronger initial immune response may be associated with shorter antibody persistence; this pattern was not observed in older adults. Influenza season also influenced antibody waning in adults and the overall cohort, but no significant seasonal effects were seen in adolescents or adults aged ≥65 years. Sex was not significantly associated with antibody waning in any age group.
The study highlights that multiple factors—including age, BMI, vaccination history, immune response characteristics, and seasonality—collectively influence the dynamics of antibody decline following repeated influenza vaccination. These findings provide important scientific evidence for developing tailored vaccination strategies to maintain long-term immunity and optimize vaccine effectiveness across different populations.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127904
02
Adverse events following 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (GARDASIL® 9) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2015–2024
This study, published in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, systematically analyzed safety data related to the 9-valent HPV vaccine (Gardasil®9) reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2024, aiming to evaluate adverse event characteristics using real-world evidence. Adverse events were coded using the MedDRA terminology (v26.0) and classified by system organ class. Disproportionality analyses were conducted using four independent algorithms to identify potential safety signals, with subgroup analyses performed for serious adverse events, deaths, and reports of vaccination during pregnancy.
A total of over 23,000 reports were included, with the vast majority (>90%) being non-serious events, primarily presenting as syncope, dizziness, headache, and injection-site pain—known reactogenic symptoms consistent with the vaccine’s expected safety profile. Disproportionality analyses identified several potential signals not listed in the product labeling, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, ocular motility disorders, autoimmune thyroiditis, and postural abnormalities. Among 57 death reports, no consistent causative pattern was observed; similarly, 18 pregnancy-related reports did not reveal statistically significant safety signals.
In summary, the findings support the overall good safety profile of the 9-valent HPV vaccine during widespread use, while highlighting that some rare adverse event signals warrant further attention and investigation. The study emphasizes that passive surveillance systems inherently have limitations, including reporting bias and challenges in causal inference, and recommends integrating active monitoring and epidemiologic studies to continuously enhance vaccine safety evaluation.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2530831
03
The path to equitable respiratory syncytial virus prevention for infants: challenges and opportunities for global implementation
This study, published in The Lancet Global Health, systematically evaluated strategies for achieving effective prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants in resource-limited countries, guided by the WHO’s “Immunization Agenda 2030” and the UN’s “Leave No One Behind” framework. The research identifies seven key domains of challenges and opportunities in advancing RSV immunization globally, emphasizing that the current phase represents a critical implementation window for achieving equitable RSV control.
- Global disease burden is unevenly distributed: although RSV infections occur worldwide, approximately 97% of RSV-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with most deaths occurring at the community level, and existing surveillance systems inadequately capture these events.
- Vaccine and monoclonal antibody (mAb) development faces adaptability challenges, as current RSV preventive product pathways are misaligned with LMIC needs.
- Health economic assessments are limited, with fewer than 20 LMICs having reliable RSV disease cost data and key information such as community mortality rates missing, which directly affects national immunization technical advisory groups’ evaluation of RSV prevention strategies and priority setting.
- Aligning global and national policies is hindered: long-acting RSV mAbs have not yet obtained WHO prequalification due to pricing issues, unclear vaccine pricing, and limited Gavi support further restrict access through UN procurement mechanisms.
- Implementation is constrained by systemic and seasonal factors: cold chain coverage is insufficient in remote LMIC areas, RSV seasonality is difficult to predict, and uneven access to antenatal care affects maternal vaccination coverage.
- Surveillance systems and laboratory capacity are uneven, with high testing costs and limited genomic sequencing capabilities reducing the ability to monitor viral variants and immune escape.
- Public awareness and risk communication remain insufficient, further limiting uptake.
RSV prevention is currently transitioning from product development to large-scale implementation. By integrating RSV immunization into existing maternal and child health services, prioritizing resources for high-burden regions, and establishing monitoring and evaluation frameworks adapted to LMIC contexts, the international community can significantly reduce global inequities in RSV-related infant mortality while adhering to the “Leave No One Behind” commitment.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00379-1
04
Human papillomavirus vaccinations’ impact on preterm birth rates
This study, published in European Journal of Public Health, aimed to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the risk of preterm birth. The study utilized long-term follow-up data from the Finnish nationwide Medical Birth Register, employing a cluster-randomized design. It included 6,200 HPV-vaccinated women born in 1992–1993, 1,667 hepatitis B-vaccinated women, and a reference cohort of 19,473 age- and community-matched unvaccinated women born in 1990–1991, comparing their pregnancy outcomes before age 28. Preterm birth was defined as gestational age less than 37 weeks (22⁺⁰–36⁺⁶ weeks) and further categorized into early preterm (22⁺⁰–33⁺⁶ weeks) and late preterm (34⁺⁰–36⁺⁶ weeks). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between HPV vaccination and preterm birth.
Results showed that by age 28, 23.9% (n=1,484) of HPV-vaccinated women had at least one recorded delivery, compared with 28.4% (n=6,006) of unvaccinated women. Among primiparous women, the incidence of preterm birth was 4.1% (n=61) in HPV-vaccinated women and 5.2% (n=310) in unvaccinated women. HPV vaccination demonstrated a borderline significant protective association against preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–1.04). Most preterm births in both groups were late preterm, occurring in 3.1% of the HPV-vaccinated group versus 3.4% of the unvaccinated group; early preterm birth occurred in 1.0% versus 1.2%, respectively.
The study suggests that HPV vaccination, in addition to preventing cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, may reduce the risk of preterm birth by lowering the need for cervical procedures such as conization. Although the association was at the margin of statistical significance, the protective trend was evident and consistent with population studies from countries like Australia, indicating that prophylactic HPV vaccination may contribute to reducing preterm birth risk.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaf185
05
Recommendations and Influencing Factors of Adult Vaccination among Community General Practitioners in Shenzhen, 2024
This study, published in Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, aimed to analyze the willingness of community general practitioners (GPs) in Shenzhen to recommend adult vaccination and the factors influencing their recommendation behavior. The study surveyed all in-service GPs from 970 community health service centers in Shenzhen using an online questionnaire, yielding 4,877 valid responses.
Results showed that 91.76% of respondents were willing to recommend vaccines to adults during routine clinical practice. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with higher recommendation willingness: age ≥40 years (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.06–2.06); having a history of non-immunization program (non-EPI) vaccination (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.20–2.12); trust in physicians’ ability to manage vaccine adverse events (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.12–2.88); agreement with the statement “healthcare workers should act as vaccine advocates” (OR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.96–3.68); perception that “recommending vaccines is part of one’s professional duty” (OR=5.83, 95% CI: 4.40–7.74); belief in the necessity of GPs’ authority to prescribe vaccines (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.30–2.49); and willingness to participate in vaccination-related training (OR=2.82, 95% CI: 2.03–3.92). Conversely, GPs in clinical practice positions were significantly less willing to recommend vaccines than those in management positions (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.96).
The study indicates that Shenzhen community GPs generally have a high willingness to recommend adult vaccination, yet their vaccine knowledge and proactive engagement strongly influence this behavior. The authors suggest integrating adult vaccination knowledge systematically into standardized GP training and continuing education, focusing on scenario-based and case-based courses for practitioners under 40 years old and those in clinical roles. Additionally, exploring the granting of prescription authority for non-EPI vaccines to GPs may further enhance proactive vaccine recommendation.
DOI:10.19914/j.CJVI.2025072
Content Editor: Tianyi Deng
Page Editor: Ruitong Li
