Journal Content Recommandation
01
Evaluation of the 10-year protective effect and immunogenicity of quadrivalent HPV vaccination
This study was published in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, To evaluate the 10-year protective effect and immunogenicity of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Chinese women aged 20 to 45 years. This study is the first 10-year long follow-up study of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in China.
From October 2019 to April 2020, a long-term follow-up study was conducted on the subjects of the Phase III clinical trial of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (NCT00834106). Participants underwent a questionnaire survey, venous blood sampling, gynecological examination, cervical exfoliated cell pathology examination, and serum neutralizing antibody titers for HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 were measured using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. The results of the cytological examination and the positive rate and titers of serum antibodies of different cervical exfoliated cells were compared.
The study data came from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in Shanxi province in 2009, which ended in September 2016. Subsequently, between January 2018 and June 2019, participants of the control group who volunteered to be vaccinated were given the same dose of post-trial vaccination. A total of 889 subjects were followed up, including 240 in the control group, 453 in the vaccination group and 196 in the post-trial vaccination group. The age of the control group was (40±7) years old, which was higher than that of the supplementary vaccination group and the vaccination group [(38±4) and (38±6) years old, respectively] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in condom use and sexual frequency among all groups (all P values>0.05). The abnormal proportion of cervical exfoliation cytopathology in the vaccination group was 3.7% (17/453), which was significantly lower than that in the control group [9.6% (23/240)] and post-trial vaccination group [5.6% (11/196)] ( P<0.05). There were two cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 in the vaccination group, two cases of CIN grade 1 and three cases of CIN grade 2 and above in the control group, and no CIN grade 1 and above cases in the post-trial vaccination group. The positive rate of HPV-18 antibody was 35.5% (161/453) in the vaccination group and 76.0% (149/196) in the post-trial vaccination group, which was significantly lower than that of other types ( P<0.05). The neutralizing antibody GMT ratio between the vaccination group and the control group ranged from 2.62 to 25.33 (9.05 to 83.08). This is similar to the results of related foreign studies, but HPV-18 antibodies did not fall below the positive threshold.
The study showed that the protection effect of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV16/18 high-grade cervical lesions in Chinese women aged 20-45 years was still 100% after 10 years of vaccination.
https://rs.yiigle.com/cmaid/1517908
02
Identifying System-Level Strategies to Engage in HPV Prevention Across Oral Health and Primary Care Settings
This study published in Vaccines, is to identify key infrastructure elements and policies, as well as HPV prevention strategies, among an academic practice network of dental clinics and partnering community health clinics in a southeastern state. HPV vaccination prevents most HPV-related cancers, yet uptake remains low. HPV is linked to an estimated 70% of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) in the US and outnumber cases of HPV-related cervical cancers. Not all OPCs can be detected through routine screening, making HPV vaccination a more effective primary prevention strategy. However, bridging primary and oral healthcare faces challenges due to a lack of referral networks between practices.
Researchers held interviews with directors and focus groups with staff at six dental clinics and eight associated community clinics in a southeastern state. Interviews and focus groups at dental and community clinics were analyzed by two study team members using thematic analysis with Nvivo software. A total of 90 participants took part in the focus groups and interviews, with the majority identifying as white (58.9%) and female (70%).Researchers identified nine key study themes: three specific to the dental clinics’ HPV conversations with patients, two related to community clinics’ vaccine provision, and four involving the relationship between the dental and co-located community clinics.
Currently, dental clinic staff do not discuss HPV with patients. They are open to discussing HPV with patients but anticipate barriers that require preparation to overcome them. Community clinics have demonstrated previous success with HPV vaccination, but patients over the age of 18 face financial barriers to vaccination. Community clinics and dental clinics report that they do not currently have existing referral networks but are open to a referral system between practices if infrastructure is put into place to support it.
The study suggests that there is potential to increase HPV vaccination rates and thereby reduce health inequities in HPV-related cancers through increased collaboration between dental clinics and primary care clinics. The study provides a basis for developing intervention strategies that promote collaboration between dental clinics and primary care clinics and informs public health policy in other regions.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101194
03
The Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives (PIVI): The importance and opportunity to develop influenza vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries
This study published in Vaccine, is an editorial for a special issue entitled ‘Expanding influenza vaccination programs in low and middle-income countries: learnings from the Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives’. The Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives (PIVI) was founded a decade ago to catalyze the expansion of influenza vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The special issue supplements 13 papers reflecting progress in expanding influenza vaccination programs in low- and middle-income countries.
PIVI has expanded from the initial Laos to 26 countries by providing vaccines and technical support to help national health authorities develop and implement multi-year strategic plans for vaccines. Despite 243,000-645,000 deaths and millions of influenza hospitalizations globally each year, influenza vaccine coverage in LMICs remains low, with Africa and Asia accounting for only 6% of global influenza vaccine distribution.PIVI’s programs are designed to overcome these challenges, including the development of new vaccines and upgrading of global vaccine manufacturing capacity.
The editorial argues that countries with existing influenza vaccination programs had more rapid and effective vaccine responses during pandemic influenza and COVID-19. PIVI and WHO are continuing to promote national policies that emphasize the importance of the influenza vaccine and promote the research and development of new vaccines to increase global vaccine coverage and reduce the disease burden. To achieve these goals, continued attention to strengthen the systems to produce, deliver, plan, implement and evaluate vaccine programs for all ages is vital. PIVI and its partners remain committed to promoting global collaboration on vaccination to address future health challenges.
Article：
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126255
Special Issue：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/42/suppl/S4
04
Maternal Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits in Infants
This study published in JAMA Pediatrics, is to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination during pregnancy against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants younger than 6 months.
This was a prospective, test-negative case-control study using data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from the 2016 to 2017 through 2019 to 2020 influenza seasons, comparing the odds of maternal influenza vaccination 14 days or more before delivery in infants with influenza vs those without. Of 3764 infants (223 with influenza and 3541 control infants), 2007 (53%) were born to mothers who were vaccinated during pregnancy. Overall vaccine effectiveness in infants was 34% (95% CI: 12%, 50%), 39% (95% CI:12%, 58%) against influenza-associated hospitalizations, and 19% (95% CI, −24 , 48) against ED visits. Among infants younger than 3 months, effectiveness was 53% (95% CI: 30%,68%). Effectiveness was 52% (95% CI: 30%, 68%) among infants with mothers who were vaccinated during the third trimester and 17% (95% CI, −15, 40%) among those with mothers who were vaccinated during the first or second trimesters.
The study indicates that maternal vaccination was associated with reduced odds of influenza-associated hospitalizations and ED visits in infants younger than 6 months. Effectiveness was greatest among infants younger than 3 months, for those born to mothers vaccinated during the third trimester, and against influenza-associated hospitalizations. The study provides a strong rationale for future influenza vaccination strategies during pregnancy, helping to reduce health inequalities associated with influenza in infants.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5639
05
Overview of adult immunization in Italy: Successes, lessons learned and the way forward
This study, published in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, provides an overview of Italian policies and practices in the field of adult immunization.
Italy has made groundbreaking progress in the field, being one of the first countries to propose a life-course vaccination schedule, broadening the traditional focus on childhood immunization to include adults. The promotion of interdisciplinary expert meetings through the Adult Immunization Board (AIB) has optimized the adult immunization strategy and ensured that all vaccines within the National Immunization Programme are available free of charge, reducing economic barriers. In addition, innovative practices in different regions, such as Lombardy’s collaboration with pharmacists, have been effective in increasing vaccination rates, particularly in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Meanwhile, multisectoral cooperation has promoted the integration and optimization of vaccine distribution and healthcare services, enabling Italy to maintain its leading position in adult immunization in Europe. Vaccine knowledge promotion and education programs have also helped Italy cope with vaccine hesitancy and ensure smooth vaccination.
In the future, Italy plans to further integrate the national vaccination registry to reduce regional disparities and improve coverage of high-risk groups, including the elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. To address vaccine hesitancy, Italy will strengthen communication and education between healthcare professionals and the public, and use the experience gained during the epidemic to expand vaccination sites and optimize the appointment system. In the future, financial support for vaccine programmes would also be ensured through multisectoral cooperation and pooling of resources, and personalized immunization strategies for immigrants and the elderly would be developed in order to further increase coverage and reduce health inequalities.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2024.2411821
Content Editor: Ziqi Liu
Page Editor：Ziqi Liu
