Summary
Indonesia, an upper-middle-income country with a decentralized healthcare system, rejoined the UMIC classification in 2024 after a brief pandemic-induced drop. As a former Gavi country, Indonesia remains eligible for support through Gavi’s MICs Approach programme.
Its National Immunization Programme (NIP), launched in 1977, currently includes 11 vaccines covering 12 diseases. In 2023, the second dose of IPV and rotavirus vaccine were introduced nationwide. HPV vaccines launched at the same year. However, national coverage for DTP and HPV vaccines remains below WHO thresholds, with persistent disparities suggesting issues in service utilization and system functioning.
The Ministry of Health (MoH) leads and governs the NIP, with the Indonesian Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (ITAGI) providing the advisory support. ITAGI comprises members with different expertise and liaison members who represent organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. Government budget and donor fundings are the two sources for NIP financing.
Vaccines are procured centrally by the MoH through the state-owned manufacturer PT Biofarma and distributed across provinces. Immunization services are delivered free of charge through public and private health facilities and school-based campaigns. However, due to decentralization, inconsistent local government commitment can lead to uneven programme implementation and coverage gaps across districts.
In 2022, Indonesia’s MoH introduced its first electronic immunization registry, named Aplikasi Sehat Indonesiaku (ASIK). Indonesia is also piloting the Sistem Monitoring Imunisasi Logistik secara Elektronik (SMILE), an innovative technological solution, to strengthen the immunization supply chain system.
About NIP Country Case
The NIP country case was part of the WHO APO report Comparative analysis of the national immunization programmes in select ASEAN and SAARC countries: progress and challenges. The study was conducted by the VaxLab team in 2023-2024.
More in the report Chapter 2 (PDF Page 47/154): https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/380387/9789290620785-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Content Editor: Tianyi Deng
Page Editor: Ruitong Li
